[On methodology in English translation of traditional Chinese medicine].

نویسنده

  • Chuan-Yue Niu
چکیده

2005 年 10 月 11 日 , 国家中医药管理局在北京 组织专家对“中医药专业外语水平考试项目的可行 性”进行了论证。在研讨会中 , 与会专家们很自然地 谈到中医英语的翻译问题 , 因为中医英语实际上是 在中医翻译的基础上形成的一套具有中医特色的英 语术语和表达系统。因此 , 中医翻译的质量和规范 化水平的高低直接影响着中医英语的学科建设和水 平考试的实施。由于众所周知的原因 , 中医英语翻 译的原则、标准和方法仍是一个有待认真探讨及不 断完善的问题 , 也是一个仁者见仁、智者见智的问 题。 在这次论证会上 , 我更关注的还是翻译本身的 问题 ,因为翻译是中医英语的基础 , 若这项工作未尽 其善 ,则其他问题实际上都无从谈起。会上 , 北京大 学谢竹藩教授关于中医名词术语英语翻译标准化问 题的发言 ,至为精辟 , 发人深省。他对中医名词术语 国际标准化进程的介绍以及对一些典型译例的分 析 ,振聋发聩 , 使与会者无不感到形势逼人 , 时不我 待。 “三焦”是讨论中医翻译问题时常被大家提起的 一个例子 ,总是在直译、意译、音译的所谓翻译技巧 上兜圈子 ,因此既不得要领 , 亦无新意可言。谢教授 在发言时也谈到了“三焦”的翻译问题 , 但却别具一 义 ,令人耳目一新。他说 , 使用简体字并非今人的专 利 ,古人其实也使用简体字 , “三焦”的“焦”实际上就 是古人对“膲”的简体写法。所以翻译“三焦”时 , 应 从“膲”释义 ,而不应从“焦”生义。若从“焦”的现代 意义释义 , 自然会翻译成 burner , heater , warmer 等等。他强调说 , 世界卫生组织在针灸经穴名称标 准化方案中 ,采用了 t riple energizer 对译“三焦”, 虽 然有不尽人意之处 , 但总比 triple burner 之类要好 一些 ,因为“三焦者 , 水谷之道路 , 气之所终始也” (《难经·三十一难》) , 气总是和 energy 有些关系 , 所以 energizer 总算和“三焦”沾点边 , 总比毫无关系 的 bur ner 之类要好点。 谢教授的分析很有道理。我们在研究中医翻译 时 ,不但要注意语义的变迁 , 还要注意词形的演变。 只有这样 ,才能较为完整地理解有关概念的实际内 涵。 然而 ,在翻译中医及中国文化典籍时 , 完全准确 地在译语中揭示其实际内涵并不容易。明人冯梦龙 所著的《广笑府》中载有这样一则故事 : 主人以藕梢待客 , 却留大段在厨。客曰 : “常读 诗云‘太华峰头玉井莲 , 开花十丈藕如船。’初疑无 此 ,今乃信然。”主曰 : “何故 ?”客曰 : “藕梢已到此 , 藕 头尚在厨房中。” 这个故事很有趣味 , 编者收录其意 , 不言自明 , 无须赘述。我想说的是 , 我们在翻译时是否也有意 无意地象这位主人待客一样 , 将大段肉厚味美的莲 · 1 0 1 · 中西医结合学报 2006 年 1 月第 4 卷第 1 期 Journ al of Chinese In t egra tiv e M edicin e , Ja nuary 2006 , Vol .4 , No .1

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine

دوره 4 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2006